Surf’s up: Antibiotic-resistant E.coli invading UK beaches

Perhaps it’s not too much of a surprise to learn that there’s a strong correlation between spending time in not-particularly-clean water and exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This is the revelation of a study presented Monday at the Society for General Microbiology’s Annual Conference, which estimates that swimmers, surfers, and other folks splashing around in the waters off England and Wales ingested antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli more than six million times in 2012.

The estimate is based on water samples taken from “coastal bathing waters” and varying estimates of incidental or accidental water swallowing involved with different water sports, including swimming and surfing.

According to the paper from a team at the University of Exeter Medical School, antibiotic-resistant E. coli is a reasonably rare phenomenon, accounting for about .12 percent of all E. coli found in the coastal waters in question. This becomes nontrivial with more exposures, which is a product of both the type of water activity and its frequency. For example, a surfer will certainly ingest more water and more resistant bacteria than a kayaker.

The strains of E. coli covered in the study are actually resistant to a whole class of antibiotics known as the third-generation cephalosporins. These are some of the most popular (overpopular, really) antibiotics out there, and this makes them especially vulnerable to emerging resistance.

E. coli, meanwhile, is a classic example of two-faced bacteria, with some strains existing harmlessly in the human gut and other virulent strains posing real dangers to humans in the form of food poisoning and diarrhea, as well as gnarlier stuff like bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and beyond. E. coli also happens to be rather adept at passing its own developed antibiotic resistance to bigger villains like Staphylococcus aureus through a process known as horizontal gene transfer.​

“We know very little about how the natural environment can spread antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans, or how our exposure to these microbes can affect health,” offered co-author William Gaze in a statement. “People are exposed to antibiotic resistant bacteria in many ways, through person-to-person contact, via food and as a result of international travel.”

“Our research establishes recreational use of coastal waters as an additional route of exposure,” Gaze said. “With millions of people visiting beaches in England and Wales each year, there is a risk of people ingesting 3GC resistant E. coli, and it looks like water-users’ exposure to all resistant bacteria could be even higher.”

Source: Motherboard

South African beaches more segregated than ever: claim

The South African Sunday Times has done a “snap survey” and found that “a quarter of a century after beach apartheid was scrapped, South Africa’s bathing spots are still mainly segregated”. The newspaper says that “most lovers still flock to beaches “assigned” to them during apartheid, when the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act decreed separate beaches for “whites” and “nonwhites”.

No whites enjoying the sea, sun and surf in Durban.
No whites enjoying the sea, sun and surf in Durban.

Self-segregation has now become the norm and whites, especially, carefully select their swimming spots so as to avoid other races. “I just don’t enjoy it when there are blacks or coloureds around,” said one beachgoer in Cape Town. “Too much noise, no manners, and even hygiene issues.”

Property values in the Strand, on the outskirts of Cape Town, have dropped because the beach is now perceived as a “coloured” (mixed-race) beach while it was previously frequently mainly by white Afrikaners.

In Cape Town, while Clifton’s trendy Clifton 3rd and 4th beaches remain largely white, beaches at Camps Bay, Muizenberg and Noordhoek are “well integrated”, according to the Sunday Times.

The VreesloosAfrikaans.com website last week posted a photograph on its Facebook page of a crowded Durban beach.

This picture was captioned with the hashtag #KryDieDoom (get the Doom), referring to the insecticide.

Comments under this photograph included Annemarie Booysen’s “Ek wens ek was ‘n haai! [I wish I were a shark].”

“Waar is ‘n tsunami as jy hom nodig het? [Where is a tsunami when you need it?]…. Lol,” wrote Janine Crous.

However, not all beachgoers believe South Africa is still mired in the past. Visits to several top beaches revealed a variety of opinions on the subject.

At Umhlanga Rocks north of Durban, Shelley Mzobe said people on the beach were “nicely mixed”.

“All the people are here, black, white, Indian and coloured. There are no problems. We are all having fun.”

A Phoenix resident on North Beach said: “You see different colours of people here. Fifty years ago, this wasn’t the case. We’ve come a long way.”

But while people of various race groups walked the promenade, a sun lover from Cato Manor said he preferred to visit beaches further out where there were fewer people. “If we go to the beach it’s mainly in Umhlanga or La Mercy because it’s cleaner. I don’t see much of a mix here [central Durban]. It feels very one-sided being here now. In the past it was the whites who came here, now it’s the blacks. We don’t fit in.”

At Clifton, one of the few black people soaking up the sun was Vusi Mkhatshwa from Mpumalanga. He said he chose Clifton because “it’s safe, there are no sharks and it’s not that busy”.

Conny Maphagela from Johannesburg was also happy with the beach, but said that she was the only black person.

“I’ve been to Dolphin beach at Blouberg [Table View]. I like it here. It’s mainly white, mainly men. But I don’t have a problem with it.”

Ebrahim Essop from Johannesburg said the beach was “a nice place to relax”, but there was not much diversity.

“I look around, and I’m the only person who looks like me. Durban is more mixed,” he said.

Whites also complain about lifeguards, where affirmative-action has seen to it that most lifeguards are now black. “They just sit around and do nothing. It isn’t like in the old days when lifeguards were constantly on the look-out for swimmers that might get into trouble, or who issued shark warnings when necessary,” said one Durbanite who “would not be caught dead going to the main beaches”.

Jim Scown, a lifeguard from the UK, who has been in Cape Town for four weeks, said the lack of diversity could be for economic reasons. “There are wealthy people here. And you’ve got the expensive property around. Most people here are tourists,” he said.

On the other side of the city, at Monwabisi beach on False Bay, Khayelitsha mother of three Sindi Pakade said she loved visiting the beach.

“It’s safe. There’s the pool for the kids. And it’s close by. Last week, I was in Muizenberg and there was no parking,” she said.

Khaya Nyenga said he chose Monwabisi for its convenience – it was closer to his home and had more parking.

But Monwabisi was mainly black, and he preferred the diversity at other beaches.

“In Strand there’s a big mix. That’s why I like it. You see different people. For me, that’s good.”

Nathi Sotsepo and friend Ruza Sasanti said they were happy with the diversity at Monwabisi.

“There are more blacks than coloureds. There’s no problem for us. It’s between the whites and the blacks that there’s a problem,” she said.

The City of Cape Town’s director of sports, recreation and amenities, Gert Bam, said the city was committed to connecting communities through a reliable, affordable and safe public transport system.

“Cape Town is home to over 240km of coastline, which means that most communities are situated in close proximity to beaches. However, it is important to consider the relative proximity to poorer communities of those beaches that boast amenities and enhanced service provision, such as lifesaving services,” Bam said.

Lifeguards were deployed at sites with the most beach users. “The city relies on aerial photography to gain a sense of which beaches are most popular and on which days,” Bam said.

South African Institute of Race Relations spokeswoman Mienke Steytler blamed continued segregation on apartheid spatial planning.

“When cities were developed back in the day when all these [apartheid] laws were in place, they were developed specifically to separate people,” she said.

“We are now sitting with the consequences.”