Various allegations of rigging have been levied against Zimbabwe’s ZANU-PF following their victory in last week’s elections one of the allegations being that the oldest person who voted in Zimbabwe’s 31 July poll is 135 years old and still serves in the Zimbabwe National Army.
This particular allegation was levied by Zimelections13.com in a tweet.
“The oldest person who voted in Zimbabwe’s July 31 poll is 135 years old and still serves in the Zimbabwe National Army”, it tweeted.
The allegation comes as the outcry over the outcome of the just ended disputed elections in Zimbabwe continues to rattle the country and the international community, with the US saying it noted a “number of serious concerns”.
Zimbabwe’s incumbent president Robert Mugabe won overwhelmingly in the polls which have been dismissed as a ‘sham’ by his long-time arch rival Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement Democratic Change.
Tsvangirai and his MDC party are preparing to mount a legal and political challenge against the vote that looks set to extend Mugabe’s 33-year rule.
The case could delay 89-year-old Mugabe’s inauguration for another five-year term. – nairaland.com
Federal prosecutors announced charges Tuesday against two Chicago men who they accuse of illegally lobbying US lawmakers to lift sanctions against longtime Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe and members of his regime in exchange for a promise of $3.4-million.
Prince Asiel Ben Israel, 72, and C. Gregory Turner, 71, tried to persuade unnamed US state and federal lawmakers, including four from Illinois, to oppose the sanctions against the leaders of the southern African nation, according to the charges unsealed Tuesday in US District Court in Chicago.
The complaint says the men met with Mugabe, Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Gov. Gideon Gono and other officials “multiple times” in the US and Africa, and allegedly agreed to lobby US federal and state officials on Zimbabwe’s behalf in exchange for the promised payments, which the defendants apparently weren’t able to collect in full.
No lawmakers have been accused of wrongdoing, although the investigation is ongoing, the US Attorney’s Office in Chicago said in a news release. It’s not illegal for public officials to meet with sanctioned Zimbabweans, but individuals cannot provide lobbying services to those subjected to US sanctions, prosecutors said.
Mugabe’s government has been under sanctions since 2003 for alleged democratic violations.
Ben Israel appeared in a federal courtroom in Chicago Tuesday, where the terms of his bond were changed to require him to remain in contact with the court’s pretrial services department. His wife, Hattie Brown, also appeared in court, promising US Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys that she would turn in her husband if he attempts to flee.
The complaint alleges that the defendants violated the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. The violation carries a maximum penalty of 20 years in prison and a $1-million fine.
Ben Israel’s attorney, Viviana Ramirez, said Tuesday that it’s too early to address the merits of the case. Turner, a Chicagoan, is believed to be currently living in Israel. A warrant has been issued for his arrest.
According to the complaint, Ben Israel and Turner began talking with Mugabe and other Zimbabwe leaders in early November 2008 regarding the influence they could exert to lift the sanctions originally imposed by President George W. Bush.
The defendants allegedly discussed with Mugabe, Gono and others their ties to several public officials who supposedly had close connections to then-President-elect Barack Obama.
The complaint states that Ben Israel and Turner engaged in public relations, political consulting and lobbying efforts and had a Nov. 26, 2008, “Consulting Agreement” that called for an initial payment of $90,000 and three subsequent equal installments of $1,105,000.
The defendants allegedly arranged for Ben Israel to travel to South Africa with two Illinois lawmakers – referred to as “Illinois State Senator A” and “Illinois State Representative A” in the complaint – in early December 2008. Travel records show the two lawmakers traveled to Israel, but did not return as scheduled and extended their overseas stay, the complaint states.
Three days after the lawmakers’ return in mid-December, a scheduler for President-elect Obama’s transition team sent an email to another transition team member stating that State Representative A “wants a phone call from (transition team officials) regarding a meeting he had last week in Zimbabwe. I am not sure who to pass this on to but it’s the second time they have called.”
The transition team forwarded the email to the FBI based on its concerns that the state representative may have violated sanctions by traveling to Zimbabwe, according to the complaint.
Obama has decided each year of his presidency to keep the Zimbabwe sanctions in place, most recently in March.
Mugabe, 89, has been president of Zimbabwe for 33 years. He was re-elected by a wide margin last week, although his political opponents say voting wasn’t free or fair and was marred by widespread irregularities. – Sapa
Is it not astounding that so many people are criticising the outcome of the Zimbabwean elections, when that country went through an official poll in which Zanu (PF) won a clear majority?
In addition, Robert Mugabe’s view of democracy is entirely commensurate with that of most western leaders, especially those of Britain and the US. There exists a dichotomy between the spectacle of campaigning and voting – the soap opera of elections – and the real business of power that is normally settled outside of public scrutiny, in proverbial smoke-filled rooms.
Democracy is what follows a “state of exception” (Carl Schmitt) during which one regime is replaced by another. Both the American and French revolutions were examples of such states of exception. In the case of Zimbabwe, Britain virtually appointed Mugabe as permanent president during the state of exception known as the Lancaster House Conference of 1979. Every election since in Zimbabwe has merely confirmed Britain’s support for revolutionary change in the ex-Rhodesia, hence the hypocrisy of complaints about largely minor deficiencies in the Zimbabwean electoral process.
“Instead of expressing his anxieties, the Foreign Secretary could offer the Zimbabwean people a heartfelt apology on behalf of the British Government for inflicting Robert Mugabe on them in the first place, and then standing aside as he pillaged his country, murdered his enemies and ruined the economy… What has happened in Zimbabwe is to Britain’s eternal shame.”
Mr Mugabe is a self-styled “strong leader”. In so doing, he is simply displaying the “leadership” that everyone talks about, and that they even teach in business schools.
Modern democracy is indeed a process whereby the voter surrenders his freedom of action to members of the elite who may act on his behalf, tax him and even impoverish him to their heart’s content. During the banking crisis, we have seen how Western governments did the same and have burdened future generations with mountains of debt, simply to save their sponsors and cronies among members of the corrupt banking fraternity.
In most third-world countries, including Zimbabwe, you first queue to vote and then you stand in line for bread or some or other hand-out. The one is good practice for the other.
In South Africa, of course, those who queue to vote are rewarded with poverty, joblessness and grants of R250 a month, enough to buy beer and air time. Just look at the 10 biggest companies by market capitalisation on the JSE, and you will notice that smoking and drinking beer dwarf all other forms of economic activity, followed by mobile telephony.
Democracy is all about talking, drinking, smoking and making babies, for which you get child-support grants. The notion of freedom as defined by the philosophers of the western enlightenment is, of course, slightly more complex and subtle than subsisting for the sake of a pay-as-you-go cellphone connection.
Sadly, such classical ideas of freedom and what some people refer to as “higher ideals” have been derided by so-called “liberals” and Marxists as being tantamount to fascism. Taking pride in one’s language or culture, showing patriotism or constructing a society where people are not sheep to be lorded over by professional politicians, are all very suspect notions that are regularly denounced as “right-wing extremism”.
Aspiring to be one’s own master, holding one’s leaders accountable for public expenditure and the quality of their decision-making is reminiscent of the Tea Party programme in the US.
As the New York Times has assured us, the Tea Party is a racist movement of soon-to-be-outnumbered white Americans who hanker after the halcyon days of the Ku Klux Klan.
Private property, too, is a decidedly reactionary concept, which Mr Mugabe has “democratically” dispensed with. Most white-owned farms in Zimbabwe were bought after 1990 and after ZANU (PF)’s accession to power, yet the rights of these property owners were forfeited in favour of a revolutionary “land-reform programme”.
Most university professors in the West and in SA probably applauded him for trampling upon private property. Not to mention the nongovernmental organisations for whom starvation is big business and whose customers, the voters, will queue up again for hand-outs.
The destiny of man is to be a shopper. Everything else is Nazism, even though German Chancellor Angela Merkel still attends the annual Wagner Festival in Bayreuth.
No doubt the professors and media pundits will soon have Wagner banned worldwide and then everybody will just listen to Justin Bieber and Lady Gaga. Democracy entails the lowering of intellectual and aesthetic standards down to the basest level.
The verbiage of Barack Obama on “democracy” resembles the kitsch of fast food, wearing track suits and sports caps in public and the obsessive, banal voyeurism of most TV programmes. We are living through a modern version of Nero’s mob rule whereby a few powerful political and financial dictators occupy the minds of the masses with “bread and circuses”, an election being the ultimate circus, of course.
As Pat Buchanan has said somewhere, democracy cannot be foisted on people by carpet-bombing them from 40 000 feet. Zimbabwe is but one among a number of societies that have been destabilised by so-called democracy. In North Africa and the Middle East, the West has not balked at supporting Al-Qaeda and related fundamentalist movements in a kind of anti-modern fervour. The paradox is that modern democracy so often leads to fundamentalism, mayhem and even primitivism.
Systems of ethnic domination whereby one group is victimised by another are routinely approved as “democratic”. In fact, there is an element of sadism in South African democracy with its endemic violence, torture and persecution of ethnic minorities about which international silence is maintained. Far from making people free, democracy often leads to greater coercion and oppression than more traditional forms of rule. It seems that democracy may only be established through terror, coercion and war, while the most democratic countries, such as the U.S. and the U.K., are also the most aggressive when it comes to foreign military adventures and attacking other countries.
Not for nothing did the Russian leader Mr. Vladimir Putin state that he was revolted by the “pro-democracy rebels” of Syria who devoured the organs of their enemies. Under democracy, more and more such cannibalistic incidents are also occurring in South Africa.
Not only does Mr Mugabe understand democracy and its empty theatrics well, but his wife Grace has mastered the art of shopping better than any New York socialite.
Surely the elected leader of Zimbabwe deserves a better press?
Zimbabwe’s Zanu-PF party has defended the fairness of its victory in last week’s elections. The latest challenge to the polls comes from Botswana, which says it will urge regional body Southern African Development Community (SADC) to audit the vote in its neighbouring state.
Botswana Foreign Affairs Minister, Phandu Skelemani, addressing journalists in Gaborone on Monday, said they are concerned that the vote failed to measure up to SADC guidelines.
Western countries have also questioned the polls, while Zimbabwe’s opposition MDC has slammed the polls as fraudulent and plans to challenge them in court.
Zanu-PF spokesperson Rugare Gumbo dismisses all the complaints saying that it is nonsense to talk of rigging because all sorts of structures were set up to ensure that voting was tight and water-proof.
Gumbo says: “The reality on the ground was that everything was done transparently, people voted in peace and tranquillity, the elections were free and fair, and quite credible as far as we are concerned.”
The United States (US) has reiterated its long held position that any easing or lifting of sanctions against Zimbabwe would happen only in the context of a credible election.
At the weekend, Secretary of State John Kerry issued a statement that in light of substantial irregularities they did not consider the election to be a credible expression of the will of Zimbabweans.
While at the United Nations (UN) in New York, there were no words of congratulations, only to say they are watching developments closely. There has been no ringing endorsement of President Robert Mugabe’s electoral victory, not from the US or UN.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon’s spokesperson, Martin Nesirky says: “Obviously the SG continues to follow this closely and as we said at the time and it still holds true, and concerns that have been raised about certain aspects of the electoral process should be pursued through established channels and these concerns should then be considered transparently and fairly.”
The US State Department hinted that lifting of sanctions were unlikely. Spokesperson Marie Harf says: “We do not believe the results announced represent a credible expression of the will of the Zimbabwean people in light of the substantive electoral irregularities reported by domestic and regional observers.”
She says voter rolls had some irregularities in them that were not credible as stated by preliminary reports from the African Union and Southern African Development Community. Harf says: “Domestic observer missions also noted some serious concerns, so we’ve been clear that any easing of sanctions will only occur in the context of credible, transparent and peaceful elections.”
“So I don’t want to get ahead of the process here but the Secretary made clear that we do not believe that these were a credible expression of the will of the Zimbabwean people,” she says.
While the UN is waiting and watching to see how opposition concerns are handled by the ‘established channels’, the US has been absolutely frank that it does not accept the poll results placing it at odds with President Jacob Zuma who endorsed the process and has long held that sanctions be lifted against Zimbabwe, something that now seems increasingly unlikely.
The Zimbabwe Stock Exchange’s top index fell 11 percent on Monday, the first day of trading after the results of disputed elections which enabled Robert Mugabe to extend his 33-year rule.
Several foreign-owned stocks registered steep losses, with South Africa-based clothing chain Edgars and hotel group African Sun losing more than 25 percent.
Amid fears foreign banks could become the next target for Mugabe’s indigenisation efforts, Barclays local listing had fallen by 15 percent on Friday, but the fall was arrested in Monday trading.
“This is indicative of the widespread concern that the election results are not going to inspire the anticipated economic recovery,” said Eric Bloch, an economist based in the second city of Bulawayo.
Zimbabwe’s electoral commission declared Mugabe winner with 61 percent of the vote while his long-time rival Morgan Tsvangirai garnered 34 percent.
Tsvangirai has dismissed the elections as a “farce”.
The elections were to end a shaky power-sharing government formed four years ago by Mugabe and Tsvangirai.
The compromise government was meant to stop a tip into conflict following a bloody presidential run-off election in 2008 and revive the country’s economy but its work was hampered by frequent haggling and charges of rights abuses. – AFP
Former SA president Thabo Mbeki says Zimbabweans should be allowed to determine their own future. His statement comes after the recent disputed elections in Zimbabwe.
Addressing the students of the Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute in Pretoria, Mbeki said it was worrying that long before the Zimbabwean elections, some forces sought to discredit them.
Meanwhile, Zimbabwe’s opposition, Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), says it is ready to challenge the election results.
This after President Robert Mugabe won the presidential poll with over 61 % of the vote, while his Zanu-PF party obtained a two-thirds majority in parliamentary elections.
Both the United States and Britain have expressed doubts over the credibility of the presidential and parliamentary elections. US American Secretary of State, John Kerry, says he does not believe the official results represent a credible expression of the will of the people.
President Jacob Zuma has congratulated President Robert Mugabe and his Zanu-PF on their election success.
MDC spokesperson, Douglas Mwonzora says they party has serious concerns.
International unease mounted Sunday over the re-election of Africa’s oldest leader Robert Mugabe in polls denounced by Zimbabwe’s opposition as “stolen”.
Mugabe, 89, in power since 1980, trounced his long-standing rival Morgan Tsvangirai in Wednesday’s polls with 61 percent of the presidential vote while his party swept to a crushing parliamentary majority.
But 61-year-old Tsvangirai, leader of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) who has unsuccessfully tried to unseat Mugabe three times, condemned the vote as “fraudulent and stolen” and has vowed to challenge it.
Western powers, barred from sending full observer teams, voiced serious doubts about the polls following concerns over irregularities.
On Sunday, Germany said the election “casts a big shadow on the political and economic future of Zimbabwe”, while Australia called for new polls.
“Given our doubts about the results, Australia calls for a re-run of the elections based on a verified and agreed voters roll,” Foreign Minister Bob Carr said in a statement.
US Secretary of State John Kerry had Saturday described the election as “deeply flawed” and said Washington “does not believe that the results …today represent a credible expression of the will of the Zimbabwean people.”
British Foreign Secretary William Hague added his own “grave concerns” over the conduct of the vote in the former colony.
African and local observers raised concerns over the voters roll, the printing of extra ballot papers, and the turning away of voters at polling stations.
But with gentler assessments from the continent despite noting the flaws, President Jacob Zuma of powerful neighbour South Africa offered his “profound congratulations” to Mugabe on Sunday.
“President Zuma urges all political parties in Zimbabwe to accept the outcome of the elections as election observers reported it to be an expression of the will of the people,” a foreign ministry statement said.
The reaction in Zimbabwe’s Sunday press was starkly divided, with state-controlled newspaper The Herald proclaiming “President Mugabe romps to victory”, while the independent Daily News headlined, “It’s a Crisis”.
The vote marks the end of Mugabe and Tsvangirai’s tense compromise government, forced by bloodstained 2008 polls, that helped steer the isolated nation out of a protracted crisis.
In Harare’s oldest township Mbare on Sunday, several hundred Mugabe supporters carried a white coffin draped in an MDC flag, with a red knotted scarf placed on top with the inscription “RIP Morgan”.
“People are elated,” said one of the marchers, Tatenda Savanhu, 26, an economist.
“It’s really a moment of joy that the GNU (coalition government) is now gone that we are going into an era of ZANU-PF”.
— Finding a smoking gun may prove difficult —
Tsvangirai vowed to challenge the result in court and said the MDC would boycott government institutions.
“The fraudulent and stolen election has plunged Zimbabwe into a constitutional, political and economic crisis.”
Tsvangirai defended his 2008 decision to enter the uneasy pact with Mugabe, who has had him arrested, beaten and charged with treason, saying it had “rescued” Zimbabwe after years of meltdown.
But Mugabe’s ZANU-PF party says there is no need for the MDC in the new government.
“We have received over 60 percent of the vote, we have two-thirds majority, why would we want to bring someone else on board?” State Security Minister Sydney Sekeramayi told AFP.
The MDC now has until Saturday to present evidence of fraud to the constitutional court, but finding a smoking gun may prove difficult. The inauguration is expected within 48 hours of the court’s decision.
Tsvangirai said he would submit a dossier of “all irregularities and all the illegalities” to the influential 15-member Southern African Development Community (SADC) and called for an urgent summit.
The European Union, which had been moving toward easing long-standing sanctions, has also expressed concern.
But Emmerson Mnangagwa, defence minister and a key Mugabe lieutenant, argued that the result was a game-changer.
“The West will now have to climb down, they must find a ladder and climb down… A democratic election has taken place in Zimbabwe,” he told AFP.
The SADC, which engineered the power-sharing government, said the vote was “free and peaceful”.
But top SADC election observer Bernard Membe noted: “We did not say it was fair … we didn’t want to jump to a conclusion.”
The poll’s credibility was further tarnished by the resignation of one of the nine official electoral commissioners over “the manner” in which the polls “were proclaimed and conducted”.
But Harare based political analyst Blessing Vava said Western concerns meant little with African guarantors having given the polls the nod.
“The issue of Zimbabwe is over and done with,” Vava said.
The criticism will also be of little concern to Mugabe, he said.
“He will not care much with what the West will say, this is the reason why they were not invited to observe elections in the first place.” – AFP
President Jacob Zuma on Sunday congratulated Robert Mugabe on his re-election as president of Zimbabwe.
Zuma described Wednesday’s elections as “harmonised” and called for peace in the neighbouring country, the international relations department said in a statement.
“President Zuma urges all political parties in Zimbabwe to accept the outcome of the elections as election observers reported it to be an expression of the will of the people.
” (He) also encourages the people of Zimbabwe to seize this opportunity to collectively contribute towards building their country driven by a common desire for peace, stability and prosperity.”
Zuma said South Africa was ready to continue its relations with Zimbabwe. – Sapa
Zimbabwe’s election was credible and fair, the chief of the African Union observer mission said Friday, but the bloc’s report noted some problems with the voter roll and of people being turned away from polling booths.
President Robert Mugabe’s Zanu-PF appeared confident of a sweeping victory, while the rival Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) led by Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai has said the “sham” polls would plunge the country into crisis.
“We are very happy this morning. We are very confident and excited. We think there is a sense of victory for us,” ZANU-PF spokesman Rugare Gumbo told dpa.
He said the party expected to get between 130 and 140 seats in the 210-member parliament.
Results from about 30 per cent of seats in parliament showed Zanu-PF taking a strong early lead, with 52 to the MDC’s 10.
Mugabe’s party managed to wrest control of some urban constituencies previously held by the rival MDC.
The final results of Wednesday’s election must be announced by Monday.
Local elections observers noted there were serious problems with the voters roll in urban areas – long considered MDC strongholds.
Tsvangirai has declared the elections to be “null and void” because of allegations of vote rigging.
Zanu-PF insists the poll were conducted in a “free and fair” manner, as does the Zimbabwe Election Commission.
In the 2008 election that was marred by violence, Tsvangirai won the first round but did not get enough votes to avoid a run-off. Widespread intimidation, including the deaths of some 200 of his supporters, forced him to pull out of the runoff.
The presidential poll results are only expected in the coming days. If no candidate gets at least 50 per cent of the vote, a second round will be held September 11.
The 89-year-old Mugabe, who has led Zimbabwe since 1980, has vowed to step down if he loses.
Africa’s oldest head of state presided over a decade-long economic collapse, in part blamed on his policy of grabbing white-owned farms without compensation and fueling hyper inflation. -sapa-dpa
Zimbabwe’s Zanu-PF party has dismissed allegations of vote rigging as “absolute hogwash”.
Speaking in an interview with SABC, a spokesperson for Zanu-PF Psychology Maziwisa predicted more than two thirds in parliament would go to Zanu-PF.
“It looks like we will surpass the two thirds majority in parliament. The feeling, the environment in Zimbabwe right now is one of excitement. It feels like we are in 1980 where we’ve reclaimed our independence, our sovereignty as a nation. We look forward to charting the best way for the people of Zimbabwe,” said Maziwisa, who was born well after 1980.
He said these were the most credible elections to be held on the African continent.
“You don’t judge an election using perfection as a standard. You’ve got to look at circumstances objectively and I think if you look at the situation here, what prevailed on July 31st, if you look at it objectively, I think you can only come to one conclusion and that is that we had an election that was free, that was fair, that was credible. In fact this could very well be the freest, the fairest and the most credible election to be held on the African continent,” said Maziwisa.
A veteran Zimbabwean opposition leader called on Thursday for a campaign to bring the country to a halt, after a disputed election that has seen President Robert Mugabe’s allies claim victory.
“There needs to be resistance against this theft and the people of Zimbabwe need to speak out strongly,” the Movement for Democratic Change’s (MDC) Roy Bennett told AFP in Johannesburg.
“I’m talking about passive resistance. I’m talking about people completely shutting the country down – don’t pay any bills, don’t attend work, just bring the country to a standstill.”
Bennett, an aide to Mugabe’s long-time rival Morgan Tsvangirai, spends much of his time outside Zimbabwe after a series of arrests.
He remains MDC treasurer.
Mugabe’s allies declared the veteran leader had romped to victory in Wednesday’s poll.
Bennett expressed dismay at an election he described as an “absolute total sham”.
“I’m totally shocked at how badly they’ve rigged it and expect to get away with it.”
“It’s not a case of even rigging it. It’s a case of having totally stolen it. Blatant, outright, daylight theft of the greatest proportions.”
Britain, meanwhile, has expressed concern that Zimbabwe had not enacted important electoral reform before Wednesday’s vote in the former British colony, and by reports that large numbers of voters had been turned away.
“We are also concerned by the late publication of the electoral roll,” a spokesperson for the British Foreign Office told Reuters.
“Any judgement on the credibility of elections will need to take these factors into account.” – AFP
The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission has begun announcing official results of Wednesday’s national elections.
The results announced on Thursday confirm earlier reports that Zanu-PF leader Robert Mugabe is headed for a big win, while his Zanu-PF party is set to claim a majority in Parliament.
ZEC deputy chairperson Joyce Kazembe released results of 31 constituencies in Bulawayo, Masvingo and Mashonaland West provinces, of which Zanu-PF claimed 28 of the seats.
Kazembe released results for 18 constituencies in Masvingo, all of which went to Zanu-PF.
Eight of the seats were won by MDC-T in 2008.
Zanu-PF officials and officials from the MDC formations say Zanu PF was likely to take all 26 seats in the province.
Kazembe also released results of 11 constituencies in Mashonaland West.
Ten of the constituencies were won by Zanu-PF, with MDC-T claiming the Chinhoyi Central seat.
MDC-T won the Pelandaba-Mpopoma and Nkulumane seats in Bulawayo and pointers were that the party would claim the 12 seats in the province.
Returns from polling stations indicated MDC-T would win less than 50 of the 210 contested seats in the House of Assembly, giving Zanu-PF the two-thirds majority it needs to change laws in Parliament.
The presidential election is also not likely to go to a runoff, as Mugabe is likely to garner the 50% plus one vote necessary for him to be sworn in as president without a second round. – mg.co.za
The “outcome of this election is illegitimate,” Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai said Thursday, and “does not reflect the will of the people of Zimbabwe.”
“The shoddy manner in which it has been conducted and the consequent illegitimacy of the result will plunge this country in a crisis,” he said in Harare.
Tsvangirai said he had conveyed his concerns to the African Union and the Southern African Development Community.
“The message we have given is that this is not a credible election.” – sapa
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Various allegations of rigging have been levied against Zimbabwe’s ZANU-PF following their victory in last week’s elections one of the allegations being that the oldest person who voted in Zimbabwe’s 31 July poll is 135 years old and still serves in the Zimbabwe National Army.
